There are two types of control systems, synchronous and asynchronous. Some Asynchronous controllers also have a built in receiving card which eliminates another component for small screens.
Computer -> Sending Card -> Receiving Card -> LED Module
Asynchronous Controller -> Receiving Card -> LED Module
Asynchronous Controller -> LED Module
Asynchronous is cheaper as the computer and sending card and sometimes even the receiving card is all in one board. As far as which is the best option, it depends on the application and the software you are using.
Applications:
Video Scoreboard: Computer, Camera -> Video Processor -> Sending Card -> Receiving Card -> LED Module